Executive summary
The Spanish Institute for Migration Analysis (IEAM) presents an infographic on the evolution of the West African and Western Mediterranean routes between 2019 and 2025. Drawing on Frontex data, it provides a comparative overview of these two migration routes towards Europe.
Route trends. The infographic brings together a comparative series for 2019–2025 and border-crossing detections from January to September 2025, placing recent developments in a broader time perspective.
Main nationalities. The document compares the nationalities most represented on each route in 2023, 2024 and 2025, showing how their composition changes over the period.
Migration dynamics. The infographic outlines changes in departure points and activity along both routes. Download the full document in Spanish or English to explore the charts, references and conclusions.
Data note: the full-year estimate for 2025 is a projection based on Frontex data available up to August 2025, rather than a final annual total.
